英語動詞后接不定式和動名詞的規律是什么?
答:英語動詞后接不定式(to do)和動名詞(doing)的規律主要取決于具體的動詞和其用法。以下是一些常見的規律和例子:
(一)后接不定式的動詞:
1. 表示意愿、希望、打算的動詞:
- want, wish, hope, desire, plan, intend, mean
例如:I want to travel the world.
2. 表示決定、同意、承諾的動詞:
- decide, agree, promise, consent
例如:She decided to study abroad.
3. 表示請求、要求、命令的動詞:
- ask, request, demand, order, command
例如:He asked to leave early.
4. 表示能力、可能性、機會的動詞:
- can, could, will, shall, may, might, must
例如:I can speak Spanish.
(二)后接動名詞的動詞:
1. 表示享受、厭惡的動詞:
- enjoy, love, like, dislike, hate, prefer
例如:I enjoy reading books.
2. 表示避免、放棄的動詞:
- avoid, escape, miss, give up
例如:She avoided answering the question.
3. 表示承認、否認的動詞:
- admit, deny, confess
例如:He admitted making a mistake.
4. 表示討論、考慮的動詞:
- discuss, consider, think about, talk about
例如:They discussed opening a new store.
(三)既可接不定式也可接動名詞,但意義不同的動詞:
1. remember:
- remember to do:記得要去做某事(未做)
- remember doing:記得做過某事(已做)
例如:Remember to lock the door. / I remember locking the door.
2. forget:
- forget to do:忘記要去做某事(未做)
- forget doing:忘記做過某事(已做)
例如:Don't forget to call me. / I forgot calling him.
3. stop:
- stop to do:停下來去做另一件事
- stop doing:停止正在做的事
例如:They stopped to have a rest. / They stopped working.
4. try:
- try to do:努力去做某事
- try doing:嘗試做某事
例如:I will try to finish the work. / Try cooking this recipe.
(四)注意事項:
- 有些動詞后接不定式和動名詞在意義上沒有明顯區別,如“begin, start, continue”等。
- 有些動詞后接不定式和動名詞的用法和意義可能因語境而異,需要根據具體情況進行判斷。
掌握這些規律有助于更準確地使用英語動詞,提高語言表達的準確性和流暢性。